Definition:
Hydrological drought refers
to deficiencies of water in some component of the hydrologic system, such as
soil moisture, streamflow or groundwater or reservoir levels.
Examples:
In urban watersheds we
observe reduced groundwater levels, especially in riparian zones due to 1)
reductions in the infiltration that feeds groundwater in uplands that are
covered by impervious surface and 2) incision (deepening) or stream channels by
either deliberate action or erosive storm flows.
Why important:
Riparian zones have
been shown to have the ability to prevent the movement of pollutants from
upland land uses into streams.
Hydrologic drought reduces this ability, particularly the capacity to
support denitrification, an anaerobic process (wet soils) that converts
nitrate, a common pollutant in urban watersheds, into nitrogen gas.
For more information:
·
Gift, D. M., P. M.
Groffman, S. S. Kaushal, and P. M. Mayer. 2010. Denitrification potential, root
biomass, and organic matter in degraded and restored urban riparian zones.
Restoration Ecology 18:113-120.
·
Groffman, P. M., D. J.
Bain, L. E. Band, K. T. Belt, G. S. Brush, J. M. Grove, R. V. Pouyat, I. C.
Yesilonis, and W. C. Zipperer. 2003. Down by the riverside: urban riparian
ecology. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1:315-321.
·
Groffman, P. M., N. J.
Boulware, W. C. Zipperer, R. V. Pouyat, L. E. Band, and M. F. Colosimo. 2002.
Soil nitrogen cycle processes in urban riparian zones. Environmental Science
& Technology 36:4547-4552.
·
Groffman, P. M. and M.
K. Crawford. 2003. Denitrification potential in urban riparian zones. Journal
of Environmental Quality 32:1144-1149.
·
Kaushal, S. S., P. M.
Groffman, P. M. Mayer, E. Striz, and A. J. Gold. 2008. Effects of stream
restoration on denitrification in an urbanizing watershed. Ecological
Applications 18:789-804.
·
Mayer, P. M., S. K.
Reynolds, M. D. McCutchen, and T. J. Canfield. 2007. Meta-analysis of nitrogen
removal in riparian buffers. Journal of Environmental Quality 36:1172-1180.
Contributed by BES Co-PI Dr. Peter Groffman
Contributed by BES Co-PI Dr. Peter Groffman
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